Differential expression of Ormdl genes in the islets of mice and humans with obesity

Summary The orosomucoid-like proteins (Ormdl1-3) are emerging as the critical regulators of sphingolipid homeostasis, inflammation and ER stress. However, their roles in β-cells and obesity remain unknown. Here, we showed that islets isolated from overweight/obese human donors displayed marginally reduced ORMDL1-2 expression while ORMDL3 expression was significantly reduced as compared to islets from lean donors. In contrast, Ormdl3 expression was significantly upregulated in the islets of leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice compared to lean mice. We identified that the difference in expression of Ormdl3 between mouse and human islets was leptin-dependent, as treatment of ob / ob mice with leptin significantly reduced Ormld3 expression. Furthermore, Ormdl1-3 were significantly upregulated upon chemically-induced ER stress, but they showed differential responsiveness to cytokines in a β-cell line. Knockdown of Ormdl3 substantially increased expression of apoptotic markers, which was rescued by a pharmacological inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Taken together we demonstrate leptin-dependent regulation of Ormdl3 expression in ob/ob islets, highlight the possible importance of β-cell stress conditions in differential Ormdl expression and identify a critical role for Ormdl3 in β-cell survival.