Analysis of Physiological Responses during Pain Induction

Figures

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  Figure 1. Illustration of the placement sites for the different electrodes (A) ECG electrodes plus reference electrode of the EMG; (B) EMG electrodes on the trapezius and triceps muscle plus BP monitor; and (C) EDA electrodes.

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  Figure 2. Representation of the different steps of the experimental procedure, with further indication of the moments where pain was self-reported and the BP measured. ECG, EDA, and EMG were continuously recorded throughout the study.

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  Figure 3. Boxplot of mean HR values for each epoch (left) and respective p-values between different epochs, with Bonferroni correction (right). The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 4. Boxplot for the mean maximum ECG cycle values (left) and respective matrix of calculated p-values between different epochs, with Bonferroni correction, for the (right).

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  Figure 5. Boxplot for the mean minimum ECG cycles (left) and respective matrix of calculated p-values between different epochs, with Bonferroni correction, for the (right). The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 6. Boxplot of RMSSD values for each epoch (left) and respective p-values between different epochs, with Bonferroni correction (right). The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 7. Boxplot of pNN50 values for each epoch. The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 8. Boxplot of SampEn values for each epoch (left) and respective p-values between different epochs, with Bonferroni correction (right). The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 9. Boxplot of RMSE for the trapezius and triceps muscle (left) with respective statistical analysis with p-values, with Bonferroni correction, for the trapezius (bottom left) and triceps (bottom right). The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 10. Boxplot of RMSA for the trapezius and triceps muscle (top) with respective statistical analysis with p-values, with Bonferroni correction, for the trapezius (bottom left) and triceps (bottom right). The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 11. Boxplot of VAR for the trapezius and triceps muscle (top) with respective statistical analysis, with p-values, with Bonferroni correction, for the trapezius (bottom left) and triceps (bottom right). The ⋄ stands for outliers.

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  Figure 12. Bar chart of SCR peaks per second with corresponding standard deviation (left); p-values between different epochs, with Bonferroni correction (right).