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This article presents recent refinements to implementation constructs and frameworks. It updates and clarifies the frequently cited study conducted by the National Implementation Research Network that introduced these frameworks for application in diverse endeavors. As such, it may serve as a historical marker in the rapidly developing science and language of implementation. Within this presentation, two studies alternate as examples of how these frameworks can be used as a practical guide for more effective implementation of human service programs.
Bertram et al. (Sun,) studied this question.