Investigating Etiopathogenetic Factors of Left Ventricular Remodeling as the Underlying Mechanism of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

The purpose of this study is to determine the etiopathogenetic features of the development of ischemic mitral regurgitation in patients with coronary heart disease by investigating the mechanisms of left ventricular remodeling. Materials and Methods. The study included 140 patients (99 male, 41 female) with ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent myocardial revascularization and mitral valve reconstruction (either repair or replacement). The average age of participants was 65.9 ± 4.0 years, and all had a history of coronary heart disease and ischemic mitral regurgitation. All patients in the sample underwent operations for myocardial revascularization and mitral valve reconstruction (replacement). The data analyzed were obtained from primary medical documentation, including medical histories, patient medical charts, findings of physical and clinical examinations, laboratory and instrumental evaluations, as well as echocardiography findings. The data obtain were processed statistically. Results. This article presents an analysis of the etiopathogenetic features associated with the development of ischemic mitral regurgitation under the clinical course of coronary heart disease. The study examined several etiopathogenetic factors, including the presence of arterial hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and the type of left ventricle remodeling. It was found that 39.1% of patients in the experimental group and 40.8% in the control group had hypertension (p ≥ 0.05). The most prevalent condition was grade II arterial hypertension, which occurred in 52.3% of the experimental group and 60.6% of the control group (p ≥ 0.05). When analyzing the occurrence rate of left ventricular hypertrophy, mild hypertrophy was significantly more common in the experimental group (44.9%) compared to the control group (26.8%) (p = 0.03, χ² = 4.27). Moderate left ventricular hypertrophy was found to be significantly higher in the control group (45.1%) compared to the experimental group (27.5%) (p = 0.04, χ² = 3.92). Eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was prevalent in both groups, with values of 79.7% in the experimental group and 80.3% in the control group. In contrast, the frequency of concentric hypertrophy was higher in the control group (8.4%) compared to the experimental group (2.9%) (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: The study has established that the incidence of ischemic heart disease and ischemic mitral regurgitation is significantly associated with sex, with men being affected more frequently than women. Analysis of arterial hypertension revealed that 39.1% of patients in the experimental group and 40.8% in the control group were affected, with grade II arterial hypertension being the most common. Moderate and severe left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as concentric remodeling of the left ventricle, were characteristic of patients who underwent mitral valve replacement. These findings underscore the importance of left ventricular remodeling in determining the appropriate surgical treatment for mitral valve conditions.