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As a function of film orientation, the intrinsic effective piezoelectric coefficient e31,f is generally formulated for a substrate-constrained ferroelectric film. Numerical results are obtained for Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) thin films with tetragonal and rhombohedral compositions. It is illustrated that the optimal orientation for e31,f are close to [001] orientation in both tetragonal and rhombohedral PZT films and the maximum calculated e31,f is about −30C∕m2 on the rhombohedral side of the morphotropic phase boundary.
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Ouyang et al. (2005) studied this question.
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