Surgical aspects in obstetric practice: modern approaches and technologies

Modern surgical methods in obstetric practice play a key role in ensuring the safety of the mother and newborn. With the development of medicine, the possibilities of surgical interventions have significantly expanded, diagnostics have improved, and risks for patients have decreased. This paper discusses the main surgical interventions in obstetrics, such as caesarean section, episiotomy, vacuum extraction and the application of obstetric forceps. Special attention is paid to new technologies and methods, such as minimally invasive operations, the use of laser technology, as well as robotic systems. Modern approaches to caesarean section include aspects such as optimization of the incision, accelerated recovery after surgery and reduction of the risk of infectious complications. In addition, the latest methods of anesthesiological support and antiseptic methods are discussed. Thus, the development of surgical aspects of obstetric practice contributes to reducing maternal and infant mortality, improves the quality of medical care and improves the prognosis for both patients.