Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Melanoma

Malignant melanoma is one of the most important dermatological neoplasms. The high mortality rate associated with this skin disease is primarily due to the occurrence of metastases, while the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in its early stages has a favorable prognosis. Early detection is crucial because the success of treatment is directly related to the depth of cancerous growth. The family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of melanoma. Prominent MMPs, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-14, have been shown to significantly contribute to the development of melanoma. The tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix (ECM), has emerged as a critical factor in modulating cancer progression. This review focuses on the role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in ECM degradation and the subsequent progression of melanoma, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.