Integrating learning and work: Problems and prospects

Abstract In spite of a widespread belief in the importance of integrating learning and work, little is known about the conditions that promote such an integration. In order to both clarify the concept of learning and see how to integrate learning and work, this article distinguishes between two major modes of learning: adaptive and developmental learning, which the author breaks down into four levels. Using these conceptualizations as a starting point, the article focuses on identifying and analyzing a number of factors that are assumed to be critical for facilitating or constraining an integration of learning and work.