Video Fire Detection Methods Based on Deep Learning: Datasets, Methods, and Future Directions

Among various calamities, conflagrations stand out as one of the most-prevalent and -menacing adversities, posing significant perils to public safety and societal progress. Traditional fire-detection systems primarily rely on sensor-based detection techniques, which have inherent limitations in accurately and promptly detecting fires, especially in complex environments. In recent years, with the advancement of computer vision technology, video-oriented fire detection techniques, owing to their non-contact sensing, adaptability to diverse environments, and comprehensive information acquisition, have progressively emerged as a novel solution. However, approaches based on handcrafted feature extraction struggle to cope with variations in smoke or flame caused by different combustibles, lighting conditions, and other factors. As a powerful and flexible machine learning framework, deep learning has demonstrated significant advantages in video fire detection. This paper summarizes deep-learning-based video-fire-detection methods, focusing on recent advances in deep learning approaches and commonly used datasets for fire recognition, fire object detection, and fire segmentation. Furthermore, this paper provides a review and outlook on the development prospects of this field.