Neurodegenerative disease prevention: synergistic effects of micronutrients and a healthy lifestyle

Cognitive impairment, including dementia, represents a key challenge for modern healthcare amid global population aging. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes, risk factors, and prevention strategies for cognitive disorders. Special attention is given to non-pharmacological approaches aimed at enhancing intellectual, physical, and social activity, which help build cognitive reserve and slow neurodegenerative processes. The role of modifiable risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, depression, and social isolation is examined, noting that addressing these factors could reduce the incidence of dementia by up to 40%. Particular attention is devoted to the use of micronutrients (B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants) that possess neuroprotective properties, including protection against oxidative stress, improvement of neuronal communication, and reduction of neuroinflammation. Based on current data, the paper underscores the necessity of initiating prevention early in young and middle age to achieve healthy cognitive longevity. The work emphasizes the importance of a personalized approach and the need for further research to optimize strategies for maintaining mental health.