Modern Antidepressants: A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy, and Safety, and Prospects for Studying New Drugs

The article provides a review of modern scientific publications on the use of antidepressants with various mechanisms of action, considers the most frequently used drugs in clinical practice, their mechanism of action, tolerability profile, and drug safety. Approaches to choosing an antidepressant, considering the underlying disease and comorbidities, are examined. Data on the study of new alternative drugs with antidepressant action are presented. When choosing an antidepressant, it is necessary to consider the complexity and multifactorial nature of the clinical picture of each patient, requiring a strictly individualized approach. For rational therapy and optimization of clinical results, a deep understanding of the mechanisms of action, indications, potential side effects, and pharmacokinetic features of various classes of antidepressants is necessary. The emergence of drugs with a multimodal mechanism of action expands the possibilities for personalization of therapy, increasing the effectiveness of treatment not only for depressive and anxiety disorders but also for depressive syndrome occurring in somatic and neurological diseases. Further research on pharmacogenetic factors and the development of personalized approaches to the selection of antidepressants will open up new opportunities for improving therapy and improving the quality of life for patients.