Machismo, gender role conflict, and mental health in Mexican American men.

T as T ech U n iv ersity The authors investigated the relations among machismo, gender role conflict, and mental health in 113 Mexican American en recruited from campus organizations and the local community. Regression analyses controlling fo r acculturation indicated that machismo and gender role conflict both predicted levels o f stress and depression. Higher levels o f machismo and restrictive emotion- ality were associated with higher levels o f depression and stress. The interaction o f machismo and gender role conflict was not significant predictor o f either stress o r depression. Implications o f the findings for counseling and future research are discussed. A n em erg in g field o f in terest in co u n selin g p sy ch o l- o g y in v o lv es th e p lo ratio n o f ascu lin e id eo lo g y an d th e relatio n b etw een ascu lin e id eo lo g y an d en - tal h ealth . G o o d , W allace, an d B o rst (1 9 9 4 ) stated th at m ascu lin ity id eo lo g y refers to an in d iv id u al's d eg ree o f en d o rsem en t an d in tern alizatio n o f cu ltu ral b elief sy stem s ab o u t ascu lin ity an d th e ascu lin e g en d er ro (p. 3). A cco rd in g to O 'N e il, ale ch ild ren an d ad u lts are co n tin u ally so cialized acco rd in g to fo rm o f ascu lin e id eo lo g y O 'N e il term ed th e ascu lin e y s- tiq u e an d v alu e sy stem (O 'N eil, 19 8 1 a, 19 8 1 b , 1982; O 'N e il, G o o d , E isler, S k id o re, co n flicts asso ciated w ith b alan cin g w o rk an d h o e d em an d s; issu es related to su ccess, p o w er, an d co p etitio n ; an in ab ility to p ress affectio n to w ard o th er en ; an d h o o p h o b ia (G o o d , R o b ertso n , F itzg erald , S tev en s, S h arp e G o o d S h arp e P an iag u a, 1998). M ican A erican en are ex p ected to b e stro n g , d o in an t, an d th ep rov if ly ( S u& , 1999, p. 2 9 3 ). H o w ev er, as resu lt o f p erien ces w ith 87