coatings supported on titanium were characterized in morphology using a high resolution scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope and in composition using a scanning Auger microscope. Ruthenium was segregated in island‐like deposits in the case of ‐rich electrodes and along cracks for ‐rich electrodes where tin was localized in the macroscopically flat plane consisting of ultrafine particles. The ultrafine particles found on ‐rich electrodes, which were smaller than those found for ‐rich electrodes, contributed to the large active surface area of the electrode.
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Ito et al. (1996) studied this question.