Analysis reveals fundamental properties of a new orthogonal concept in normed spaces, suggesting novel mathematical insights.
-orthogonality. The fundamental properties of this new concept are systematically analyzed, including symmetry, non-negativity, scalar homogeneity, linear independence of orthogonal vectors, the Cauchy-Schwarz type inequality, the zero property, and other characteristics. We also explain the relationship between this new definition and some other well-known types of orthogonality.
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محمد et al. (2025) studied this question.
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