Responsive Mathematical Modeling and Discrete-Event Simulation for Optimizing Truck Dispatch in Bulk Port Unloading Operations

This paper addresses the optimization of truck dispatching for bulk unloading operations at the Port of Itaqui, a critical logistics hub in Brazil. Traditional manual dispatch processes often result in inefficiencies such as congestion, delays, and elevated emissions. To mitigate these issues, a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model was developed to minimize queue imbalances, waiting times, and CO 2 emissions while maintaining operational efficiency. The model was compared against a benchmark algorithm representing current operator practices in a discrete-event simulator, reducing truck queues and waiting times by up to 65% in the Primary Area without extending total unloading time or overall truck emissions. Although validated in a simulation environment, these results provide a preliminary basis for real-world deployment and further investigation into truck flow automation in bulk port logistics.