Material Culture of Ancient Northern Bactria: Problems of Historical Analysis and Reconstruction

This article analyzes the material culture of ancient Northern Bactria based on historical sources and archaeological finds. The study scientifically studies the ruins of cities, defensive structures, remains of dwellings, pottery, coins and other samples of material culture identified as a result of archaeological excavations in the territory of Northern Bactria. It also highlights the importance of these sources in the reconstruction of socio-economic, political and cultural processes of antiquity. The article analyzes the methodological problems encountered in the process of historical reconstruction, the lack of sources, various approaches to interpreting archaeological materials and the possibilities of modern research methods. The results of the study serve to clarify the place and role of Northern Bactria in the history of Central Asian civilizations.