Landscape of pediatric immune-mediated movement disorders

Movement disorders in immune-mediated neurological syndromes in children commonly occur alongside other neurological symptoms and often exhibit a mixed or complex phenomenology. Most cases are post-infectious, whereas paraneoplastic causes are rarely identified. Overlapping clinical and radiological features across various immune-mediated encephalitis syndromes further add to the diagnostic complexity in the pediatric population. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of common pediatric immune-mediated movement disorders, with a focus on phenomenology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies.