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June 3, 2026DiagnosticsOpen Access

Asphyxial Mechanisms in Sand Burial, Findings and Diagnostic Challenges—A Case Report and a Literature Review

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Authors

DMDonato MorenaACA. CarusoMPMartina Padovano

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Overview

Case report demonstrates diversified mechanisms of fatal sand burial requiring multidisciplinary forensic evaluation.

Key Points

  • To explore the diagnostic challenges and mechanisms of fatal sand burial in forensic cases.
  • Case presentation of a 17-year-old male who died from sand burial after tunnel collapse.
  • Performed external examination, autopsy, histological, and toxicological analyses.
  • Conducted a literature review of published forensic cases involving sand or soil burial.
  • Autopsy revealed pulmonary edema, congestion, sand granules in the larynx, and epicardial petechiae.
  • Histological findings included acute pulmonary emphysema, vascular congestion, and hemorrhagic lymph nodes.
  • Identified two main diagnostic patterns: compression-related and aspiration/obstruction-related deaths.

Cite This Study

Morena et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1fc64adee9eb8c0dce77c7https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16111691
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