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Abstract To achieve human excellence, the authors proposed spiritual intelligence as the core value for holistic education as being outlined in the Malaysian National Philosophy of Education. Currently, the concept of spiritual intelligence is not widely discussed, especially in the context of Malaysian education. This study is focused in developing spiritual intelligence elements through a content analysis of two important texts; Ihya Ulumuddin (Book 3) by Imam al-Ghazali and Manusia dan Pendidikanby Hasan Langgulung. Based on the content analysis conducted, seven elements of spiritual intelligence were identified toward the development of the Spiritual Intelligence Model for Human Excellence (SIMHE).
Hanefar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.