Development of a new plant factory concept with sustainable water and energy supply

• Investigates the integration of aquaponics into solar-powered plant factories to enhance agricultural productivity and reduce environmental impacts. • Utilizes a closed-loop nutrient cycle by using fish waste to nourish plants, promoting sustainable water recycling. • Implements a two-tiered design optimized through the Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology, enabling effective resource management. • Provides a renewable energy-powered system with solar panels and battery storage, ensuring stable and sustainable food production. • Discusses how the system can reduce reliance on fossil fuels and adapt to climate change challenges while maintaining agricultural productivity. As the global population exceeds 8 billion and is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, the demand for sustainable food production has become increasingly pressing. This study investigates the integration of aquaponics into solar-assisted plant factories as an innovative solution to enhance agricultural productivity and minimize environmental impacts. The aquaponics establishes a closed-loop nutrient cycle, utilizing fish waste to nourish plants and optimize water recycling. Employing a two-tiered design, optimized through the Design of Experiments (DOE), the system enables effective resource management and operational efficiency. Operational data reveal the system's ability to maintain favorable temperature and humidity conditions, promoting uniform plant growth. The analysis identifies the mist irrigation method and LED lighting as critical factors that positively influence both root and leaf growth, establishing an optimal combination for sustainable cultivation. These findings underscore the potential of renewable energy-powered plant factories as a viable model for sustainable food production, contributing to local food self-sufficiency and regional economic revitalization. This research highlights the importance of advancing innovative agricultural practices to address the dual challenges of population growth and climate change, advocating for the development and implementation of sustainable technologies to secure future food production.