The main features of the highly anisotropic turbulence in the region of vanishing shear near the free surface of two-dimensional channel flow have been calculated using a Reynolds-stress transport model with surfaceeffect terms in the pressure-strain-rate correlation. The form of these terms is identical for solid and free surfaces. For a free surface, however, the surface-proximity function is an order of magnitude greater than the function for a rigid surface.
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Gibson et al. (1989) studied this question.
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