Key result
Depersonalization disorder was associated with blunted sympathetic blood pressure responses to physical stimuli and reduced parasympathetic vagal tone during emotional challenges.
Why the study?
Do patients with depersonalization disorder have abnormal cardiovascular sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to physical and emotional stimuli compared to healthy controls?
Case-Control (n=30)
No
Do patients with depersonalization disorder have abnormal cardiovascular sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to physical and emotional stimuli compared to healthy controls?
Absolute Event Rate: -12.32% vs 11.88%
p-value: p=0.003
Depersonalization disorder is associated with centrally-mediated cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation, characterized by blunted sympathoexcitation to physical stimuli and altered parasympathetic responses to emotional stimuli.
Should not yet change clinical practice; leaves open autonomic contributions to cardiovascular risk in depersonalization disorder.
BACKGROUND: Depersonalization disorder (DPD) is characterized by a subjective sense of unreality, disembodiment, emotional numbing and reduced psychogenic (sudomotor) sympathoexcitation. AIMS: Three related experiments utilized escalating physical and emotional challenges in 14 DPD participants and 16 controls aimed to elucidate (i) whether the cardiovascular sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) nervous systems are implicated in DPD pathophysiology and (ii) if possible, to determine whether the blunted sympathoexcitation in DPD is peripherally or centrally mediated. METHOD: Participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), and Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS). Study I recorded heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) during 5 min supine baseline, 3 min sustained handgrip (HG), 3 min cold pressor (CP) and 5 min 60° head-up tilt (HUT). In study II, HR, BP, and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded during 5 min simultaneous 60° HUT and continuous presentation of unpleasant images (5 s per image). Study III examined HR and BP orienting responses (ORs) to simultaneous 60° HUT and pseudorandom presentation of unpleasant, neutral and pleasant images (5 s per image 3 min 25 s). OR data was grouped by image valence post hoc. RESULTS: DPD BAI (p = 0.0004), DES (p = 0.0002), and CDS (p ≤ 0.0001) scores were higher than controls. The DPD group produced diminished diastolic BP (DBP) (p = 0.045) increases to HG. Other indices were comparable between groups. DPD participants produced diminished systolic BP (SBP) (p = 0.003) and DBP (p = 0.002) increases, but greater (p = 0.004) HR increases to CP. In study II, DPD high frequency HRV (HF-HRV)-indicating parasympathetic vagal activity-was reduced (p = 0.029). In study III, DPD DBP was higher throughout the 5 s duration of HUT/pseudorandom unpleasant image presentation (1 s, p = 0.002, 2 s p = 0.033, 3 s p = 0.001, 4 s p = 0.009, 5 s p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Study I's BP pressor data supports previous findings of suppressed sympathoexcitation in DPD. The greater HR increases to CP, decreased HF-HRV in study II, and increased DBP during unpleasant ORs in study III implicates the SNS and PNS in DPD pathophysiology. These studies suggest the cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation in DPD is likely to be centrally-mediated.
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Owens et al. (2015) conducted a case-control in Depersonalization disorder (n=30). Depersonalization disorder vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Systolic blood pressure change during cutaneous cold pressor test (p=0.003). Depersonalization disorder was associated with blunted sympathetic blood pressure responses to physical stimuli and reduced parasympathetic vagal tone during emotional challenges.
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