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Human–machine interaction (HMI) allows the transfer of human intent to the robot and the collection of feedback from the robot. Human perception of the outside world is a direct response to human brain training, but low-level perception movements of robots are more complex than advanced reason. In the study, we designed a self-powered electronic skin (SPES) based on a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). SPES shows a good piezoelectric effect and certain mechanical flexibility and can realize gesture recognition and tracking by sensing external pressure stimulation in HMI. Through the feedback control of the closed-loop system, the equivalent behavior trigger of the real intelligent robotic capacitive touch sensors (CATS) and SPES can be realized. SPES and Robot Hall Rotary Position Sensor (HRPS) have small perceptual errors, and remote signal feedback and behavior control of intelligent robots are realized by wireless transmission equipment, which is a greater advantage in a flexible environment. The proposed SPES tracking application in the HMI has great potential in the future artificial intelligence environment, the auxiliary equipment for people with disabilities, and the human–machine cooperation in a flexible environment.
Zhang et al. (2023) studied this question.