The association between carotid blood flow and resting-state brain activity in patients with cerebrovascular diseases

Figures

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  Figure 1. Schematic descriptions of relationships within/between ultrasonographic parameters and MEG spectral parameters. Lines represent a significant correlation. Blue, red, and yellow boxes represent local factors, downstream factors, and MEG spectral parameters, respectively. Biases in terms of patient age and sex were not considered in the relationships depicted here. CCA common carotid artery, D A diameter of artery, EDV end-diastolic velocity, IAF individual alpha frequency, MEG magnetoencepharography, MF median frequency, MV mean velocity, PI pulsatility index, PSV peak systolic flow velocity, RI resistance index, SE Shannon entropy.

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  Figure 2. Scatterplots visualising the relationship between the ultrasonographic parameters [(a–c), PSV; and (d–f), PI] in either side of the CCA and the MEG spectral parameters and cognitive-FIM score [(a,d), MF; (b,e), IAF; and (c,f), cognitive-FIM]. Regression lines are added where there is a significant correlation between the parameters (bootstrapping statistics after FDR correction). Open dot, left CCA; filled dot, right CCA; solid regression line, left CCA; broken regression line, right CCA. Biases in terms of patient age and sex were not considered. CCA common carotid arteries, FDR false discovery rate, FIM functional independent measure, IAF individual alpha frequency, MEG magnetoencephalography, MF median frequency, PI pulsatility index, PSV peak systolic flow velocity.

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  Figure 3. Relationships between ultrasonographic parameters, MEG spectral parameters, and FIM scores. A broken box represents subcategory of each modality. Broken arrows indicate the parameters’ significant correlations, whereas solid arrows indicate significant influences after controlling for biases in terms of patient age and sex. Red and blue arrows indicate significant associations regarding the left and right CCA, respectively (i.e., asymmetrical association). Black arrows indicate significant associations not relevant to the asymmetricity of the CCA (left or right). CCA common carotid arteries, DA diameter of artery, EDV end-diastolic velocity, FIM Functional Independence Measure, IAF individual alpha frequency, MEG magnetoencepharography, MF median frequency, MV mean velocity, P I pulsatility index, PSV peak systolic flow velocity, RI resistance index, SE Shannon entropy.