Efficient Tracking of Dispersion Surfaces for Printed Structures Using the Method of Moments

The dispersion surfaces of printed periodic structures in layered media are efficiently computed using a full-wave method based on the periodic method of moments (MoM). The geometry of the dispersion surface is estimated after mapping the determinant of the periodic MoM impedance matrix over a range of frequencies and impressed phase shifts. For lossless periodic structures in the long-wavelength regime, such as lossless metasurfaces, a tracking algorithm is proposed to represent the dispersion surface as a superposition of parameterized iso-frequency curves. The mapping process of the determinant is accelerated using a specialized interpolation technique with respect to the frequency and impressed phase shifts. The algorithm combines a fast evaluation of the rapidly varying part of the periodic impedance matrix and the interpolation of the computationally intensive but slowly varying remainder. The mapping is further accelerated through the use of macro basis functions (MBFs). The method has been first tested on lossless metasurface-type structures and validated using the commercial software CST. The specialized technique enables a drastic reduction in the number of periodic impedance matrices that need to be explicitly computed. In the two examples considered, only 12 matrices are required to cover any phase shift and a frequency band larger than one octave. An important advantage of the proposed method is that it does not entail any approximation so that it can be used for lossy structure and leaky waves, as demonstrated through two additional examples.