Four types of cultural landscape models within geoinformation modeling: challenges, opportunities, limitations

Geoinformation modeling has been used for a long time for inventory, mapping, typology, assessment of cultural landscapes in landscape planning procedures and the development of management regimes for territories of outstanding cultural and historical value. However, in the field of view of researchers there are still mainly structural models – cartographic representations of the basic elements of the cultural landscape, far from exhaustive contents of the concept of "cultural landscape" and not characterizing it as a space of residence, survival and experience. To solve this problem, fundamentally different models are needed – functioning models (reflecting the productivity of human-cultivated ecosystems), relationship models (describing the social structure of society and its interaction with the surrounding landscape), and metaphysical models that allowed a person to perceive the cultural landscape as a "world".