miR-122/PPARβ axis is involved in hypoxic exercise and modulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle of obese rats

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Representative fluorescence images of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats injected with AAV9-ZsGreen-miR-122 (group OE), AAV9-ZsGreen-miR-122-5p inhibitor (group IE), or AAV9-ZsGreen (group CE), and not injected with AAV9 (group H). The gastrocnemius muscle of rats in groups OE, IE, and CE show ZsGreen fluorescence. Scale bar, 500 μm.

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  Fig. 2. Expression levels of miR-122 in obese rats from groups OE, IE, CE, and H measured using qRT-PCR. Data are presented as means ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ##p < 0.01 vs group CE; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 vs group OE (1-way analysis of variance).

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  Fig. 3. Effects of hypoxic training on body composition of obese rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs group H; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs group CE; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 vs group OE (1-way analysis of variance).

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  Fig. 4. Serum lipid levels of obese rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs group H; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs group CE; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 vs group OE (1-way analysis of variance).

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  Fig. 5. Expression of the lipid metabolism regulator PPARβ and downstream effectors (CPT1b, FAS, and ACC2). mRNA levels in obese rats under hypoxic conditions, with hypoxic training, and with regulated miR-122 expression were determined using qRT-PCR. OE, obese rats with miR-122 overexpression and hypoxic training; IE, obese rats with miR-122 depletion and hypoxic training; CE, obese rats with hypoxic training only; H, obese sedentary rats without regulation of miR-122 expression. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs rats in group H; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs rats in group CE; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 vs rats in group OE (1-way analysis of variance).

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  Fig. 6. Expression of the lipid metabolism regulator PPARβ and downstream effectors (CPT1b, FAS, and ACC2). Protein levels in obese rats under hypoxic conditions, with hypoxic training, and with regulated miR-122 expression were determined using Western blot analysis. OE, obese rats with miR-122 overexpression and hypoxic training; IE, obese rats with miR-122 depletion and hypoxic training; CE, obese rats with hypoxic training only; H, obese sedentary rats without regulation of miR-122 expression. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs rats in group H; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs rats in group CE; &p < 0.05, &&p < 0.01 vs rats in group OE (1-way analysis of variance).

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