Key result
HIV/HCV coinfection was associated with altered CVD biomarkers, including a higher prevalence of vascular plaques compared with HIV monoinfection (44% vs 14%, P=0.04).
Why the study?
Does HIV/HCV coinfection alter the levels of cardiovascular disease biomarkers compared to monoinfection or healthy controls?
Systematic Review (n=39,498)
Does HIV/HCV coinfection alter the levels of cardiovascular disease biomarkers compared to monoinfection or healthy controls?
HIV/HCV coinfection is associated with a distinct pattern of cardiovascular biomarkers, including higher endothelial markers and CIMT but lower lipids and CRP, compared to monoinfection or healthy controls.
May warrant enhanced CVD surveillance in HIV/HCV coinfection; leaves open need for prospective outcome trials.
The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection has been increasing with over 10 million people affected globally. The role biomarkers play as predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among coinfected individuals is not well defined. We aimed to systematically review current evidence describing CVD biomarkers among individuals with HIV/HCV coinfection. We searched EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to June 2017. MeSH terms and keywords were used to identify studies with information on HIV/HCV coinfection and CVD biomarkers (structural, functional, and serological) such as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), endothelial markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, and lipids. Among 332 articles screened, 28 were included (39,498 participants). Study designs varied: 18 cross-sectional, 9 cohort, and 1 clinical trial. Compared with healthy controls and people with HIV or HCV monoinfection, individuals with HIV/HCV coinfection had statistically significant lower levels of lipids and CRP and higher levels of endothelial markers (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1), CIMT, homocysteine, and IL-6. One study found the odds of carotid plaque in coinfected individuals was 1.64 (0.91-2.94) compared with healthy controls, and another study showed the prevalence of vascular plaques (carotid and femoral) in coinfected individuals was higher compared with HIV monoinfected individuals (44% vs 14%, P = 0.04). Biomarkers of CVD have different patterns of association with HIV/HCV coinfection compared with monoinfection and healthy controls. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these biomarkers for clinical CVD risk among coinfected individuals.
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Osibogun et al. (2017) conducted a systematic review in HIV/HCV coinfection (n=39,498). HIV/HCV coinfection vs. Healthy controls and HIV or HCV monoinfection was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease biomarkers. HIV/HCV coinfection was associated with altered CVD biomarkers, including a higher prevalence of vascular plaques compared with HIV monoinfection (44% vs 14%, P=0.04).
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