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In a monitoring situation eye movements were required in order for signals to be presented. Detection of signals was the reinforcement. A multiple schedule of fixed-interval reinforcement, differential reinforcement of low rate, and fixed-ratio reinforcement was established for eye movements. Results demonstrated that an eye movement can act as an operant controlled by its consequences. Operant control of eye movements has important implications for human factor analysts concerned with "attention".
Schroeder et al. (Sat,) studied this question.