Automatic differentiation as a technique for accurate and reliable computation of partial derivatives in device models used by circuit simulation is introduced. The requirements for derivative computations in several simulation algorithms are reviewed, and two automatic differentiation methods are discussed. The application of automatic differentiation to circuit simulation and device modeling is demonstrated through several circuit analysis examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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Feldmann et al. (1992) studied this question.
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