A Narrative Review of Advancements in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technology: Evaluating the Shift From Helium-Cooled to Helium-Free Systems

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) traditionally relies on large liquid-helium inventories to maintain superconductivity, creating siting complexity and exposing providers to helium-supply volatility. Sealed-helium (zero-boil-off) designs reduce helium volumes to single-digit liters and may eliminate vent-pipe requirements, potentially broadening siting options and lowering operational risk. We conducted a narrative search of major databases and relevant gray literature to summarize the clinical performance, installation logistics, and operational metrics of sealed-helium systems across low, mid, and conventional field strengths. Peer-reviewed clinical studies remain small and heterogeneous. Early reader-blinded analyses suggest diagnostic adequacy for selected protocols at low and mid field, but robust equivalence to 1.5 T/3 T has not been demonstrated. Vendor materials' reports describe conduction-cooled magnets with homogeneity and stability compatible with clinical imaging. However, independent multicenter confirmation is limited. Vendor materials report substantial helium savings and vent-pipe-free installations, which require external validation. Overall, sealed-helium MRI appears operationally attractive and may support expanded access, particularly where siting barriers and helium logistics constrain capacity. To inform clinical and purchasing decisions, multicenter comparative studies and standardized operational benchmarks (energy use, uptime, and unplanned service) are needed alongside transparent reporting of vendor involvement.