Rotten to the Core: Challenges With Postharvest Disease Management of Fruit Crops

Postharvest losses are attributed to fungal and bacterial diseases that contribute significantly to food loss and waste. In addition, some of the pathogens produce mycotoxins that contaminate processed food products made from culls and fruit that are not fit for the fresh market. Because consumers expect fresh fruit year-round, coupled with demands for high-quality and low residue levels, new research and tools are needed to combat decay. Hence, this review focuses on the latest advances in detection, control, and cultural practices that can be integrated or stand alone to help thwart rot caused by fungal and bacterial postharvest pathogens of fruit. Although we have chosen a holistic, integrated approach to cover various aspects of postharvest decay control, the manuscript focuses on specific high-value crops such as citrus, apple, avocado, and grapes. In these different crops, we discuss the significant impacts that have been made to understand aspects of pathogen biology, epidemiology, and control. Notwithstanding, postharvest disease management options for both conventional and organic markets are projected to continually increase and will require innovative solutions. We envision the integration of standard, conventional, and novel technologies with the help of artificial intelligence to move the pace of discovery forward that will manifest in paradigm shifting, long-term management solutions.