Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
N. J. Aebischer, J. C. Coulson, Survival of the Kittiwake in Relation to Sex, Year, Breeding Experience and Position in the Colony, Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 59, No. 3 (Oct., 1990), pp. 1063-1071
Aebischer et al. (Mon,) studied this question.