A 14-GHz Bang-Bang Digital PLL With Sub-150-fs Integrated Jitter for Wireline Applications in 7-nm FinFET CMOS

Demands for increased wireline data throughput necessitate multi-gigahertz clock sources of ever-greater fidelity. This article demonstrates a 14-GHz bang-bang digital phase-locked loop (BBPLL) with 143-fs rms jitter (integrated from 1 kHz to 100 MHz) to clock a 56-Gb/s PAM-4 transceiver. The low jitter is achieved with an LC-based digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) having a tuning range of 2 GHz, a frequency resolution of 1.2 MHz/LSB, and a low phase noise of -104 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. All PLL digital functions are consolidated in a single, fully synthesized digital signal processing unit operating at 3.5 GHz or 10× the reference clock frequency. Limit cycles are minimized without the aid of a time-to-digital converter through substantial reduction of loop latency using a look-ahead digital loop filter. Various design techniques exploiting the advanced 7-nm FinFET technology are discussed, including noise reduction and tank Q enhancement. Closed-loop phase noise performance is accurately predicted using an industry-standard digital event-driven simulator with dramatically reduced computation effort compared to analog or mixed-mode simulators. Here, the accuracy and computational burden of calculating 1/f α noise is overcome by pre-calculating the DCO and reference phase noise profiles. The results obtained from these simulation techniques show very close agreement with experimental measurements. This 7-nm FinFET PLL occupies a competitive 0.06 mm 2 and consumes 40 mW.