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Abstract Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body, operate reliably under strain, and deliver sustained stimuli. Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness, breathability, and scalability. This review outlines materials, structural design, functionalization, and system integration for therapeutic e-textiles. We examine electrical, thermal, chemical, optical, and mechanical modalities across clinical uses, highlight energy solutions, and discuss challenges in durability, performance, and manufacturing needed for translation to practical, personalized therapies.
Lee et al. (2025) studied this question.