Key result
Rotavirus vaccine introduction was associated with a decrease in G12P[8] genotype prevalence in moderate to severe diarrhoea from 34% to 0% (p<0.0001), alongside an increase in G3P[4] and G3P[8].
Why the study?
Group A rotaviruses remain the leading cause of diarrhoea in children aged <5 years, prompting evaluation of circulating genotypes following Mozambique's September 2015 vaccine introduction.
Does rotavirus vaccine introduction change the circulating rotavirus genotypes in symptomatic and asymptomatic children?
Observational
No
Does rotavirus vaccine introduction change the circulating rotavirus genotypes in symptomatic and asymptomatic children?
The introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Mozambique was associated with a significant shift in circulating rotavirus genotypes, emphasizing the importance of ongoing genomic surveillance.
Vaccine introduction was associated with rotavirus genotype shifts; leaves open effects on long-term efficacy and supports ongoing surveillance.
Group A rotaviruses remain the leading cause of diarrhoea in children aged <5 years. Mozambique introduced rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) in September 2015. We report rotavirus genotypes circulating among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Manhiça District, Mozambique, pre- and post-vaccine introduction. Stool was collected from enrolled children and screened for rotavirus by enzyme-immuno-sorbent assay. Positive specimens were genotyped for VP7 (G genotypes) and VP4 (P genotypes) by the conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The combination G12P[8] was more frequently observed in pre-vaccine than in post-vaccine introduction, in moderate to severe diarrhoea (34%, 61/177 vs. 0, p < 0.0001) and controls (23%, 26/113 vs. 0, p = 0.0013) and mixed genotypes (36%, 24/67 vs. 7% 4/58, p = 0.0003) in less severe diarrhoea. We observed changes in post-vaccine compared to pre-vaccine introduction, where G3P[4] and G3P[8] were prevalent in moderate to severe diarrhoea (10%, 5/49 vs. 0, p = 0.0002; and 14%, 7/49 vs. 1%, 1/177, p < 0.0001; respectively), and in less severe diarrhoea (21%, 12/58 vs. 0, p = 0.003; and 24%, 14/58 vs. 0, p < 0.0001; respectively). Our surveillance demonstrated the circulation of similar genotypes contemporaneously among cases and controls, as well as switching from pre- to post-vaccine introduction. Continuous surveillance is needed to evaluate the dynamics of the changes in genotypes following vaccine introduction.
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Manjate et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Diarrhoea. Rotavirus vaccine introduction vs. Pre-vaccine period was evaluated on G12P[8] genotype prevalence in moderate to severe diarrhoea (p=<0.0001). Rotavirus vaccine introduction was associated with a decrease in G12P[8] genotype prevalence in moderate to severe diarrhoea from 34% to 0% (p<0.0001), alongside an increase in G3P[4] and G3P[8].
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