Incidence and Total Lifetime Costs of Motor Vehicle–Related Fatal and Nonfatal Injury by Road User Type, United States, 2005

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the costs of motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injuries in the United States in terms of medical care and lost productivity by road user type. METHODS: Incidence and cost data for 2005 were derived from several data sources. Unit costs were calculated for medical spending and productivity losses for fatal and nonfatal injuries, and unit costs were multiplied by incidence to yield total costs. Injury incidence and costs are presented by age, sex, and road user type. RESULTS: Motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injury costs exceeded 99 billion. Costs associated with motor vehicle occupant fatal and nonfatal injuries accounted for 71 percent (70 billion) of all motor vehicle-related costs, followed by costs associated with motorcyclists (12 billion), pedestrians (10 billion), and pedalcyclists (5 billion). CONCLUSIONS: The substantial economic and societal costs associated with these injuries and deaths reinforce the need to implement evidence-based, cost-effective strategies. Evidence-based strategies that target increasing seat belt use, increasing child safety seat use, increasing motorcyclist and pedalcyclist helmet use, and decreasing alcohol-impaired driving are available.