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AIMS: Sleep disorders are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in observational studies, but the causality remains unclear. In this study, we leveraged two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal associations of self-reported daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, and other sleep phenotypes with cardiometabolic diseases including ischaemic stroke (IS), coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULTS: We selected genetic variants as instrumental variables for self-reported daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, morning person, insomnia, short sleep duration, and long sleep duration from European-descent genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary statistics for cardiometabolic diseases originated from four different GWASs with a total of 2 500 086 participants. We used the inverse-variance weighted method to explore the role of self-reported sleep phenotypes on the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases in the main analyses, followed by several sensitivity analyses for robustness validation. Genetically predicted self-reported daytime napping T2DM: OR, 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.02), insomnia IS: OR, 1.07 (1.04-1.11); CAD: OR, 1.13 (1.08-1.17); HF: OR, 1.10 (1.07-1.14); T2DM: OR, 1.16 (1.11-1.22); and short sleep duration CAD: OR, 1.37 (1.21-1.55) were causally associated with an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Moreover, genetically determined self-reported daytime sleepiness CAD: OR, 2.05 (1.18-3.57); HF: OR, 1.82 (1.15-2.87) and morning person HF: 1.06 OR, (1.01-1.11) had potential detrimental effect on cardiometabolic risks. CONCLUSION: Self-reported daytime napping, insomnia, and short sleep duration had causal roles in the development of cardiometabolic diseases, while self-reported daytime sleepiness and morning person was the potential risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.
Jia et al. (2022) studied this question.