Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and risk of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients: a 10-year retrospective analysis

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flowchart of patient inclusion and exclusion. LEDVT, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index.

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  Figure 2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the occurrence of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. (A) Systemic immune-inflammation index; (B) Age; (C) White blood cell; (D) Red blood cell; (E) Hemoglobin.

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  Figure 3. Box and whisker plots of ln(SII) in different groups. The box depicts the interquartile range (IQR), the horizontal line inside the box is the median, the whiskers extend to data points up to 1.5 × IQR, and dots are data points outside the whisker range. (A) Before matching. (B) After matching. SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; LEDVT, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

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  Figure 4. Forest plots for the association between SII and secondary outcome before matching (A) and after matching (B). Dots and horizontal lines represent adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. Model 1: adjust for SII (categorical variable, ≥574.2 vs. <574.2 × 109/L) and confounders variables, including age, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, white blood cell, red blood cell, and hemoglobin. Model 2: adjust for SII [continuous variable, per ln (SII) increase] and confounders variables mentioned above. LEDVT, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

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  Figure 5. Forest plot for the association between ln(SII) and all LEDVT events in different subgroups. Dots and horizontal lines represent adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. The associations (ORs) were adjusted for confounders variables except for the one defining the subgroup. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell.

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  Figure 6. Restricted cubic spline plots between ln(SII) and multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) of LEDVT. (A) All LEDVT events. (B) Distal LEDVT. (C) Proximal LEDVT. The associations (ORs) were adjusted for ln(SII) and confounders variables, including age, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, white blood cell, red blood cell, and hemoglobin.