This paper describes a distinction between two ways in which students may see the role of conceptual knowledge in introductory physics. Concepts is a belief that conceptual knowledge constitutes the core of physics understanding; Apparent Concepts is a belief that the associations between conceptual knowledge and physics are apparent but not essential. Excerpts from interviews of two subjects illustrate this distinction in a range of interviewing activities and show its relevance for understanding students' work in an introductory physics course.
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David Hammer (1994) studied this question.
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