Traffic-Related Air Pollutants and Health Impacts on E-Hailing Services Drivers in Southeast Asia: A Literature Review

E-hailing services in Southeast Asia have revolutionised transportation, which raises concerns about air pollution exposure among drivers, who often spend extended hours in high-traffic areas. This paper review evaluates exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and the health impacts on e-hailing drivers in Southeast Asia, providing insights to support urban policymakers and stakeholders in designing safer, healthier transportation models. The result of the review illustrates particulate matter, ozone, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are the sources of traffic related air pollutants, with associated main risks for respiratory and cardiovascular health. Owing to the lack of research on the e-hailing service, there is little evidence in the existing literature on health impacts dimension of e-hailing services. This indicates a need for further research in this area to further investigate health impacts and evaluate the benefits and challenges associated with e-hailing service as an urban transport solution.