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The effect of encoding specificity, attention-sharing, and identification paradigm (live-photo or photo-photo) on accuracy official recognition was investigated in a factorial design. High encoding specificity and high attention to the face led to more accurate recognition; there was also a borderline tendency for recognition to be higher in the photo-photo paradigm. Implications of these findings for the external validity of eyewitness identification studies are discussed.
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Maass et al. (1982) studied this question.
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