PIWI-interacting RNAs in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders and potential for clinical development

Neural diseases, including neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, represent a significant and growing public health burden. While the understanding of the genetic origins of these diseases has advanced considerably in recent years, the underlying causal mechanisms of many sporadic cases remain poorly understood. Recent research highlights the role of noncoding RNAs, such as PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins, in regulating gene expression and maintaining genome stability within neural cells.