The characteristics of phonon-terminated coherent oscillation associated with Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and V²⁺ ions in rutile and perovskite fluorides are described. Continuous tunability over portions of the vibronic continuum of Ni²⁺ in MgF₂ has been demonstrated. The system has been thermally tuned in discontinuous segments over a total wavelength span from 1.62 to 1.80 {μ}, the longest continuous segment being 250 {} (82 cm^-1). Alternatively, a frequency-selective element (prism) has been used to vary the oscillation frequency (at a fixed temperature of 85^∘{}K) in discontinuous segments between 1.62 and 1.84 {μ}. The discontinuities are a consequence of structure present in the vibronic continuum of Ni²⁺ in MgF₂. Continuous-wave oscillation has been obtained from Ni²⁺ ions in MgF₂ and MnF₂, requiring, respectively, less than 65 and 240 W of power into a tungsten lamp. Both systems display continuous spiking, and the spectral distributions of maser emission may be very complex.
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Johnson et al. (1966) studied this question.