Epicardial Termination of Left Atrial Appendage Atrial Tachycardia

Figures

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  Figure 1:. Baseline ECG showing the clinical atrial tachycardia, with a CL of 548 ms (109 bpm). Negative P-waves in D1 and positive P-waves in DII, DIII, and precordial leads.

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  Figure 2:. A: Epicardial access confirmed via dye injection. B and C: Left and right anterior oblique fluoroscopic views of the LAA and catheter positioning. D: Epicardial balloon inflated to displace the phrenic nerve during ablation.

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  Figure 3:. An endocardial attempt with arrhythmia warm-up.

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  Figure 4:. Epicardial EGM recorded by the ablation catheter. Unipolar EGM with QS activation. ABL: ablation; CS: coronary sinus; ECG: electrocardiogram.

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  Figure 5:. Epicardial interruption during RF of the clinical tachycardia. Ablation parameters: power of 38 W, temperature of 39°C.