Autonomous distributed V2G (vehicle-to-grid) considering charging request and battery condition

Integration of large scale renewable energy sources into power grid, battery energy storage performs an important role for smoothing their natural intermittency and ensuring grid-wide frequency stability. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle have potential of alternative of the battery because of its high performance lithiumion battery and longer plug-in time than driving time. Therefore, vehicle-to-grid is expected to be one of the key technologies for smart grids integrating renewable energy sources. In this paper, an autonomous distributed vehicle-to-grid control scheme is proposed. Grid-connected electric vehicles contribute frequency regulation and spinning reserve triggered by self-terminal frequency, which is a signal of supply and demand balance in the power grid. Proposed scheme also consider charging request for the next drive and battery condition during the vehicle-to-grid. Satisfaction of vehicle user convenience and effect load frequency control is evaluated through coupled analysis of vehicle-to-grid model and typical power grid model.