Trial and Error: Using Previous Experiences as Simulation Models in Humanoid Motor Learning

Since biological systems have the ability to efficiently reuse previous experiences to change their behavioral strategies to avoid enemies or find food, the number of required samples from real environments to improve behavioral policy is greatly reduced. Even for real robotic systems, it is desirable to use only a limited number of samples from real environments due to the limited durability of real systems to reduce the required time to improve control performance. In this article, we used previous experiences as environmental local models so that the movement policy of a humanoid robot can be efficiently improved with a limited number of samples from its real environment. We applied our proposed learning method to a real humanoid robot and successfully achieve two challenging control tasks. We applied our proposed learning approach to acquire a policy for a cart-pole swing-up task in a real-virtual hybrid task environment, where the robot waves a PlayStation (PS) Move motion controller to move a cart-pole in a virtual simulator. Furthermore, we applied our proposed method to a challenging basketball-shooting task in a real environment.