Effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on cytosolic free calcium in confluent mouse osteoblasts.

A fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, acetoxymethyl Quin2, was used to quantify changes in the cytosolic free calcium concentration (Ca2+i) of confluent mouse osteoblasts. 1,25 - Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 - (OH)2D3, 10-100 pM), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D3, 10-100 nM), parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-84), 0.1-10 nM), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10-1000 nM) all induced immediate (t less than 15 s) transient increases in Ca2+i, from a basal level of 135 +/- 8 nM to levels of 179-224 nM. These increases rapidly returned to a plateau approximately 10% higher than the basal level. 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D2, 0.1-10 nM) induced a rapid increase in Ca2+i which remained elevated for 5 min before decreasing. The 1,25-(OH)2D3- and PTH-induced spikes were abolished by the prior addition of EGTA and Ca2+ entry blockers (verapamil, nifedipine, 1 microM) while the responses to 25-(OH)D3, 24,25-(OH)2D3, and PGE2 were unaffected. Addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 + EGTA or PTH + EGTA caused enhanced Ca efflux. Addition of drugs which interfere with calcium sequestration by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (caffeine, 4 mM; 8-(diethyl-amino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate HCl, 0.5 mM) or mitochondria (antimycin, 10 microM; oligomycin, 5 microM) showed that 25-(OH)D3 and PGE2 mainly mobilized Ca2+ from ER. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and bovine PTH caused a transient increase in Ca2+i, 70% of which resulted from Ca2+ influx from outside the cells and 30% by release from the ER. The Ca2+i increase induced by 24,25-(OH)2D3 included a 30% contribution from the ER and 70% from the mitochondria.