Key result
Dual-task paradigms significantly increased oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration in the prefrontal cortex by 0.36 µmol/L compared to single-task paradigms in older adults.
Why the study?
Prefrontal cortex changes during dual-tasking help identify fall risk in older adults, prompting a systematic review of dual-task effects on cerebral hemodynamics.
Do dual-task paradigms alter cerebral hemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex in older adults?
Meta-Analysis (n=1,841)
Do dual-task paradigms alter cerebral hemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex in older adults?
Mean Difference: 0.36 (95% CI 0.27–0.45)
p-value: p=< 0.01
Dual-task paradigms, particularly those involving inhibitory control, significantly increase prefrontal cortex activation in older adults, which may help identify fall risk.
Dual-task testing may aid fall risk identification in older adults; extends meta-analytic evidence on prefrontal recruitment during cognitive-motor interference.
Background Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a method to measure cerebral hemodynamics response. Changes in the prefrontal cortex during dual-tasking help to identify the risk of falling, particularly in older adults. Aims To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of dual-task paradigms on cerebral hemodynamics in older adults. Methods The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 22 studies comprising 1,841 older adults were included in the meta-analysis. Results Inhibitory control and working memory tasks significantly increased HbO 2 in the PFC by 0.54 ( p < 0.01, 95%CI = 0.36 – 0.72) and 0.13 ( p < 0.01, 95%CI = 0.08 – 0.18) μmol/L, respectively. Overall, HbO 2 was significantly increased during dual-task paradigms by 0.36 μmol/L ( P < 0.01, 95%CI = 0.27 – 0.45). However, dual-task paradigms did not change HbR in the PFC ( P = 0.14, 95%CI = -0.05 – 0.01). Conclusion Cognitive tasks related to inhibitory control required greater cognitive demands, indicating higher PFC activation during dual-task walking in older adults. This finding emphasizes the significance of assessing hemodynamic responses under dual-task paradigms to detect the risk of falling in older adults at an early stage.
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Lapanan et al. (2022) conducted a meta-analysis in Healthy older adults (n=1,841). Dual-task paradigms (cognitive task + motor task) vs. Single-task paradigms (motor task only) was evaluated on Change in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration in the prefrontal cortex (MD 0.36 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.27 - 0.45, p=< 0.01). Dual-task paradigms significantly increased oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration in the prefrontal cortex by 0.36 µmol/L compared to single-task paradigms in older adults.
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