Cognitive and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric disorders in dementia and methods of their correction

Dementia is an etiologically heterogeneous syndrome, the traditional evaluation of the severity of which is based on the degree of cognitive activity reduction and on impairments in functional abilities. In addition to cognitive impairment (CI), non-cognitive neuropsychiatric disorders, the prevalence of which is as high as 50–100%, form the clinical picture of dementia. Non-cognitive impairment is appreciably correlated with the severity, course, and poorest outcome of dementia. Non-cognitive neuropsychiatric impairment is characterized by different symptoms, which is associated with the heterogeneity of dementia. The main symptoms include aggression, agitation, wandering, hoarding, sexual disinhibition, apathy, depression, and anxiety. The paper considers the main clusters of neuropsychiatric disorders and their clinical manifestations. It provides data on the combination treatment of CI and non-cognitive disorders in dementia.